01 - Preheat oven to 350°F and line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners.
02 - Whisk together flour, sugar, baking soda, baking powder, salt, and pumpkin pie spice in a large bowl.
03 - Whisk oil, eggs, pumpkin purée, milk, and vanilla extract in a separate bowl until smooth.
04 - Add wet ingredients to dry ingredients and mix until just combined. Avoid overmixing to maintain texture.
05 - Beat cream cheese and sugar until smooth. Add egg yolk, heavy cream, cinnamon, cardamom, ginger, cloves, nutmeg, and vanilla. Beat until creamy.
06 - Fill each muffin liner about 2/3 full with pumpkin muffin batter.
07 - Drop approximately 1 tablespoon of chai cheesecake filling onto each muffin. Use a toothpick to gently swirl the cheesecake into the batter.
08 - Bake for 20-22 minutes until a toothpick inserted into the muffin portion (avoiding cheesecake center) comes out clean.
09 - Cool in pan for 10 minutes, then transfer to wire rack to cool completely before serving.